Voting in Elections Should Be Made Compulsory Essay Example for Free

Voting in Elections Should Be Made Compulsory Essay Compulsory Voting in Election, though highly desirable, cannot be attained due to a number of reasons. Some common reasons that come to mind without pondering a lot are: health issues of voters; which might bar them from exercising vote with a perception that no election is important than their health. Although a passion is seen amongst certain invalids; who are often carried to polling booth by their family on back ; a majority skips the same; especially ones living in metropolitans. They consider carrying their sick and bedridden family members to polling booth as a burden . Another major reason could be male chauvinistic attitude of Indian men ; who always underestimate thoughts and actions of their women. They especially prefer confining their women within the home on polling day. This is the one major reason of fewer number of female voters as compared to males; particularly in villages and small towns. Another reason; for turning off the voters for polling is the increased incidences of violence, booth capturing and criminal activities at polling booth; Making voters reluctant for voting. Such incidences can be easily observed in underdeveloped as well as developing nations with high corruption. A few other reasons; which handicaps Constitution in making polling compulsory or rather Imposing punishment could be the distance between pooling booth and voter’s residence. The situation gets worsened if accompanied by adversities like heavy snow; torrential downpour, scorching heat or thunderstorm; the control of which is beyond the power of Government as well as voters.

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Modernization is define as the positive connotation used to changing society through bringing technologies, productions, and better standard of living for the process of development. Modernization theory was first emerged in Europe in the seventeenth century and has more or less influence Most of the countries became modernized through using appropriate and suitable form of modernization theories in their country. An example of countries that have applied well modernization theory and have succeed in achieving modernization is Turkey, however Afghanistan the country that have failed in processing modernization during reign of King Amanullah khan. This paper will intend to provide comparative analysis of state building and modernization in Afghanistan during King Amanullah Khan Regime and Turkey during Mustafa Kamal Ataturk. It will focus on cause and effect relation between different features of both countries such as, societal structure, geo-political position, and socio-economic as cause and political development as an effect that led to failure of modernization in Afghanistan and prosperity and success in turkey. Historical Background of Afghanistan: Afghanistan is a multi-ethnic society within an olden history started from 3000 B.C. It is a landlocked country which has been considered as an entryway or coli door for most of the invaders through history. Afghanistan as a country come to an existence in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durani who led the foundation of first Durani Empire. Ahmad Shah was able to bring together different people from different ethnic groups to work as a one nation. Afghanistan as a modern state come to existence in the 19th century whereas this was the time when other countries in Asia, Africa, and Middle East w... ...started modernization process he faced opposition from a large number of uneducated people. Since he could not built schools or education institutions due to lack of luxury, people did not have the ability to understand and analyze his processes and became against him. Harrison has mentioned four stages of Barrington Moore’s theory of modernization the book of â€Å"the sociology of modernization and Development†. According to Barrington the first theory is â€Å"Organic Evolutionary mode†, the second is â€Å"conservative modernization†. Third one is â€Å"evolutionary modernization, and the last theory is â€Å"industrialization by formal and informal colonization†. If we apply the mentioned theories inAmanullah’s reforms the second one can be perfectly applicable, since Amanullah khan used led state modernization from top to down which can likely cause the society to upraise against it Essay -- Modernization is define as the positive connotation used to changing society through bringing technologies, productions, and better standard of living for the process of development. Modernization theory was first emerged in Europe in the seventeenth century and has more or less influence Most of the countries became modernized through using appropriate and suitable form of modernization theories in their country. An example of countries that have applied well modernization theory and have succeed in achieving modernization is Turkey, however Afghanistan the country that have failed in processing modernization during reign of King Amanullah khan. This paper will intend to provide comparative analysis of state building and modernization in Afghanistan during King Amanullah Khan Regime and Turkey during Mustafa Kamal Ataturk. It will focus on cause and effect relation between different features of both countries such as, societal structure, geo-political position, and socio-economic as cause and political development as an effect that led to failure of modernization in Afghanistan and prosperity and success in turkey. Historical Background of Afghanistan: Afghanistan is a multi-ethnic society within an olden history started from 3000 B.C. It is a landlocked country which has been considered as an entryway or coli door for most of the invaders through history. Afghanistan as a country come to an existence in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durani who led the foundation of first Durani Empire. Ahmad Shah was able to bring together different people from different ethnic groups to work as a one nation. Afghanistan as a modern state come to existence in the 19th century whereas this was the time when other countries in Asia, Africa, and Middle East w... ...started modernization process he faced opposition from a large number of uneducated people. Since he could not built schools or education institutions due to lack of luxury, people did not have the ability to understand and analyze his processes and became against him. Harrison has mentioned four stages of Barrington Moore’s theory of modernization the book of â€Å"the sociology of modernization and Development†. According to Barrington the first theory is â€Å"Organic Evolutionary mode†, the second is â€Å"conservative modernization†. Third one is â€Å"evolutionary modernization, and the last theory is â€Å"industrialization by formal and informal colonization†. If we apply the mentioned theories inAmanullah’s reforms the second one can be perfectly applicable, since Amanullah khan used led state modernization from top to down which can likely cause the society to upraise against it

A paragraph on APA citation Racism in Middle East Essay

              Racism is one of the biggest challenges for people living in Middle East. It exists between domestic citizens and foreigners, across the ethnic groups and religions. Although religion could be the only way to integrate people, it has not been possible and instead it forms part of racism. Akbaba (2009 p. 324) argued that, â€Å"the deliberate and selective restrictions on religious minority groups may strengthen the ethnoreligious identity of those groups†. Racism is the main cause conflicts and wars among communities thus hindering it socioeconomic progress and as a result, the society lives in poverty. According to Ahmed, Nicolson, & Spencer, (2000) racism hinders populations from getting education and advancing their career thus their literacy progress being hindered. Therefore, it is important to find solution in the region so that people could assume their socioeconomic roles to improve their lives. However, this has not been an easy task to Middle East. Poor governance and political interference had led to worsening of the situation through trying to get solution through force by police officers and other authorities rather than solving it.                   The executive and legislative measures that have followed these initiatives ‘ have included mass arrests, secret and indefinite detentions, prolonged detention of ‘‘ material witnesses, ’’ closed hearings and use of secret evidence, government eavesdropping on attorney-client conversations, FBI home and work visits, wiretapping, seizures of property, removals of aliens with technical visa violations, and mandatory special registration, (Semati, 2010 p. 265).                  Lack of racism solution in Middle East can be attributed to selfish leaders who would like to remain in power for longer time and ignorant citizens who are not concerned about their development of the region. According to Ahmed et al, (2000) people in Bangladesh are aware of racism and its effects but have no time to solve the issues. A solution to racism can be found through courageous leaders who are informed and are concerned with the future of Middle East (Cohen-Almagor, 2013; Karsh, 2012; Baumann, 2013). References Ahmed, B., Nicolson, P., & Spencer, C. (2000). The social construction of racism: the case of second generation Bangladeshis. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 10(1), 41-46. Akbaba, Y. (2009). Who discriminates more? comparing religious discrimination in Western democracies, Asia and the Middle East. Civil Wars, 11(3), 321-358 Baumann,, L. (2013). The impact of national culture on project management in the Middle East. Lars Baumann, Cohen-Almagor, R. (2013). The failed peace process in the Middle East 1993-2010. Israel Affairs. N.p Karsh, E. (2012). The Middle East’s real apartheid. Journal for The Study of Antisemitism, p. 38. Semati, M. (2010). Islamophobia, culture and race in the age of empire. Cultural Studies, 24(2), 256-275. Source document

Drug Testing in the Workplace - 1739 Words

Drug Testing in the Workplace: A Costly Mistake Abstract The issue of drug testing in the workplace has sparked an ongoing debate among management. There are many who feel that it is essential to prevent risks to the greater public caused by substance abuse while on the job. However, others believe that the costs far outweigh the benefits and that it is an invasion of privacy. Putting all ethical issues aside, evidence presented in this paper supports the latter. The costs of drug testing are excessive and only a small percentage of employees are actually found to be substance users. Drug testing in the work place has a negative effect on productivity; contrary to what was originally intended. It actually decreases productivity†¦show more content†¦Yet another example of how these drug tests are flawed. The strongest reason for opposing drug testing however, is the invasion of privacy. This occurs primarily in urinalysis, the most common drug screening process. Not only does this violate a persons private life, it can open up, and reveal a number of other ailments that the employee may be suffering and which that individual wishes to hide and keep it to himself. A urinalysis for example can make public such diseases as an employees heart condition, depression, epilepsy, diabetes, and for women the same test can also confirm whether she is pregnant or not. Each of these conditions is a private and personal manner, and the employer has no right to involve itself in these matters. Another argument that proponents of drug testing use is the supposed decrease in productivity. Shepard and Clifton (1998) conducted a study of high tech industries and concluded that managers did not feel that drug testing improved productivity. In fact, it found that companies that have drug testing programs actually exhibited lower productivity levels than similar companies that did not drug test. 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The costs of drug testing are excessive and only a small percentage of employeesRead MoreEssay about Drug Testing in the Workplace1829 Words   |  8 Pagesensure the safety of all our employees in the latex factory, we ask that you pee in to this plastic cup.† While this may not be the best way to bring about a company’s drug testing policy to a new hire, the fact remains that in most every position today, if no urine sample is given, it translates into â€Å"no job for you!† Drug testing, a once rare and uncommon policy, is now among many employers a requi rement for any new or existing job position. Although seen by some as an infringement on one’s constitutionally